Optical communication using differential images

ABSTRACT

Techniques related to optical communication including techniques for communicating barcodes using differential images.

CLAIM FOR PRIORITY

This divisional application claims priority to U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/129,484, filed on 26 Dec. 2013 and titled “OPTICALCOMMUNICATION USING DIFFEREENTIAL IMAGES”, which claims priority to PCTPatent Application Serial No. PCT/CN2013/080861, filed on 6 Aug. 2013and titled “OPTICAL COMMUNICATION USING DIFFERENTIAL IMAGES”, both ofwhich are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

In some examples, optical communication may include providing a barcodesuch as a linear (e.g., one-dimensional (1D)) barcode or matrix (e.g.,two-dimensional (2D)) barcode, which may be encoded with information andread using a reader or image capture device or the like. In someinstances, producing, capturing, and/or decoding a barcode may not bestable due to noise caused by over/under exposure, ambient light,shadows, or reflections, or the like. Such instability may beparticularly problematic for 2D barcodes and/or for barcodes presentedvia a display screen such as, for example, a liquid-crystal display(LCD) display. For example, when a barcode is presented via a displayscreen, reflections may be stronger than when a barcode is presented viapaper or the like, particularly in outdoor environments, bright areas,or dark areas, or the like. Such display screens may include displayscreens for mobile devices or for digital signage or the like.

Further, color barcodes such as color 2D barcodes, which may offergreater data capacity than black and white barcodes, may haveinstability due to the reasons described above and additionalinstability due to color shifting during the production and capturing ofthe 2D color image, for example.

Current techniques to deal with such problems include using localadaptive thresholds to help reduce noise. Such techniques may help withlow amounts of noise but not with medium or high levels of noise, forexample. Further, current techniques may deal with color shifting bypresenting all possible colors in a reserved area of the barcode, whichmay reduce the capacity of the barcode.

As it is desirable for barcodes to contain more data and ascommunicating via display screens becomes more prevalent, it may beadvantageous to accurately and predictably produce, capture, and decodebarcodes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The material described herein is illustrated by way of example and notby way of limitation in the accompanying figures. For simplicity andclarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures are notnecessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elementsmay be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Furthermore,where considered appropriate, reference labels have been repeated amongthe figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In thefigures:

FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram of an example barcode image and anexample alternative image;

FIG. 2 is an illustrative diagram of an example barcode image and anexample alternative image each having an example reflection;

FIG. 3 is an example method for performing an operation on capturedbarcode image data and associated captured alternative image data togenerate comparative barcode image data;

FIG. 4 is an illustrative diagram of example system for encoding anddisplaying a barcode image and an alternative barcode image and forcapturing and decoding the barcode image and the alternative barcodeimage;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example process;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an example process;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an example process;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an example process;

FIG. 9 is an illustrative diagram of an example system and process forproviding optical communication using differential images;

FIG. 10 is an illustrative diagram of an example system for opticalcommunication using differential images;

FIG. 11 is an illustrative diagram of an example system; and

FIG. 12 illustrates an example device, all arranged in accordance withat least some implementations of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more embodiments or implementations are now described withreference to the enclosed figures. While specific configurations andarrangements are discussed, it should be understood that this is donefor illustrative purposes only. Persons skilled in the relevant art willrecognize that other configurations and arrangements may be employedwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the description. It willbe apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that techniques and/orarrangements described herein may also be employed in a variety of othersystems and applications other than what is described herein.

While the following description sets forth various implementations thatmay be manifested in architectures such as system-on-a-chip (SoC)architectures for example, implementation of the techniques and/orarrangements described herein are not restricted to particulararchitectures and/or computing systems and may be implemented by anyarchitecture and/or computing system for similar purposes. For instance,various architectures employing, for example, multiple integratedcircuit (IC) chips and/or packages, and/or various computing devicesand/or consumer electronic (CE) devices such as set top boxes, smartphones, etc., may implement the techniques and/or arrangements describedherein. Furthermore, while the following description may set forthnumerous specific details such as logic implementations, types andinterrelationships of system components, logic partitioning/integrationchoices, etc., claimed subject matter may be practiced without suchspecific details. In other instances, some material such as, forexample, control structures and full software instruction sequences, maynot be shown in detail in order not to obscure the material disclosedherein.

The material disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, firmware,software, or any combination thereof. The material disclosed herein mayalso be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium,which may be read and executed by one or more processors. Amachine-readable medium may include any medium and/or mechanism forstoring or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine(e.g., a computing device). For example, a machine-readable medium mayinclude read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magneticdisk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices;electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals(e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), andothers.

References in the specification to “one implementation”, “animplementation”, “an example implementation”, etc., indicate that theimplementation described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrasesare not necessarily referring to the same implementation. Furthermore,when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described inconnection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within theknowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure,or characteristic in connection with other implementations whether ornot explicitly described herein.

Systems, apparatus, articles, and methods are described below related tooptical communication including techniques for communicating barcodesusing differential images.

As described above, it may be desirable to accurately and predictablyproduce, capture, and decode barcodes. As will be described in greaterdetail below, in some examples, input data may be encoded to generatebarcode image data. Alternative, complementary, or differential barcodeimage data may be generated and associated with the barcode image data.In various examples, the alternative barcode image data may represent anegative of the barcode image data, a pure black image, a transpose ofthe barcode image data, or the like. The barcode image data may bepresented as a barcode image and the alternative image data may bepresented as an alternative image via a display device. In someexamples, the barcode image and the alternative image may be presentedin the same are of the display device by switching between the imagesover time or alternating the images over time or the like.

The barcode image and the alternate image may be captured at a capturedevice such as a camera or the like to generate captured barcode imagedata and captured alternate image data. An operation may be performed onthe captured barcode image data and the captured alternate image data togenerate comparative barcode image data. In various examples, theoperation may include an absolute value difference, a subtraction, anaddition, a multiplication, or the like. In some examples, barcodeoutput data may be generated based on the comparative barcode imagedata.

As discussed, in some examples, due to the environment of the display(e.g., outdoors, in glare, in a shadow, or the like) or the displayitself or the like, the captured image may include bright spots, darkspots, color shifts, or other types of noise or the like, which maycause the barcode image data to be improperly decoded. In such examples,comparative barcode image data may reduce or remove such noise to allowfor proper decoding. Such comparative or differential techniques mayimprove the rate at which barcodes presented with such noise areproperly decoded.

FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram of an example barcode image 110 and anexample alternative barcode image 120, arranged in accordance with atleast some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown, barcodeimage 110 may include multiple barcode elements 112 and an optionalborder 114. Further, as shown, in some examples, barcode image 110 mayinclude a black and white matrix (e.g., two-dimensional (2D)) barcodeimage. In some examples, barcode image 120 may include a linear (e.g.,one-dimensional (1D)) barcode image. In some examples, barcode image 120may include a color barcode image. Further, in some examples, barcodeimage 120 may include test areas, registration areas, or the like, whichare not shown for the sake of clarity of presentation.

In various examples, input data may be encoded into barcode image 120using known techniques. In some examples, individual barcode elements112 may be encoded such that they may provide binary encoding (e.g.,black is one and white is zero or vice versa). In some examples,individual barcode elements 112 may be encoded based at least in part ontheir size. As discussed, in some examples, barcode elements 112 may becolor and may be encoded based on their color and/or size. In someexamples, color encoding may provide 3-bits associated with three colorchannels. For example, in a red green blue (RGB) color space, eachchannel may be encoded with a 0 or 255 (the max and min for eachchannel) to encode three bits of data. For example, a 111 bit patternmay be encoded as (255, 255, 255)=White, a 100 bit pattern may beencoded as (255, 0, 0)=Red, a 010 bit pattern may be encoded as (0, 255,0)=Green, and so on. In other examples, other colors or other colorspaces may be used for the encoding. Although discussed herein withrespect to black and white encoding and/or RGB encoding, the techniquesdiscussed herein are not so limited and may be practiced with otherencoding techniques and/or color spaces.

As shown in FIG. 1, alternative barcode image 120 may include acomplementary image to barcode image 110. For example, image 120 may beselected or generated based on a technique for accurately andpredictably communicating barcode image 110. As shown, in some examples,alternative barcode image 120 may include barcode elements 122 andborder 124. In some examples, as shown, alternative barcode image 120may be a negative of barcode image 110. In the illustrated black andwhite image, a negative of barcode image 110 may include a white element122 in place of black elements 112 and black element(s) 122 in place ofwhite element(s) 112, for example. In the example of a color barcodeimage, a negative of barcode image 110 may provide for colors frombarcode image 110 reversed into their respective complementary colors inalternative barcode image 120. In some examples, alternative barcodeimage 120 may be a solid or pure color such as, for example, pure black.For example, a pure black alternative image may provide for highlightingand reducing the effects of glare using the decoding techniquesdiscussed herein. In other examples, alternative barcode image 120 maybe pure color such as white, red, green, or blue, or the like.

As is discussed further herein, barcode image 110 and alternativebarcode image 120 may be presented by a display device and captured viaan image capture device and decoded. As discussed, in some examples,noise in the presenting and capturing of barcode image 110 may causedifficulty in decoding barcode image 110.

FIG. 2 is an illustrative diagram of an example barcode image 110 and anexample alternative barcode image 220 each having an example reflection210, arranged in accordance with at least some implementations of thepresent disclosure. As shown, in the example illustrated in FIG. 2,alternative barcode image 220 may be a pure black alternative image. Insome examples, a pure black alternative barcode image 220 may includeblack barcode elements 222 and a black border 224, as illustrated. Asshown, reflection 210 may cause a portion of barcode elements 112 andborder 114 to lighten such that for, example, the portion of barcodeelements 112 (including barcode element 112 a) and border 114 that wereintended to be black may be presented and captured as gray or light grayor the like. As shown, the portion of barcode elements 112 meant to bewhite (including barcode element 112 b) may stay substantially white insuch an example. Similarly, reflection 210 may cause a portion ofalternative barcode image 220 intended to be black to be presented andcaptured as gray.

Although illustrated with respect to a reflection on a black and whitebarcode, such imperfections or noise may include a wide range of noisesuch as for example shadows, glare, color shifts, over/under exposure,discolored ambient light, or the like.

FIG. 3 is an example method for performing an operation 330 on capturedbarcode image data and associated captured alternative barcode imagedata 320 to generate comparative barcode image data, arranged inaccordance with at least some implementations of the present disclosure.As is discussed further herein, a barcode image (e.g., barcode image110) and an alternative image (e.g., alternative barcode image 120 or220) may be presented by a display device and captured by an imagecapture device. The image capture device may generate captured barcodeimage data 310 associated with the barcode image and capturedalternative barcode image data 320 associated with the alternativeimage. Also as discussed the captured image and captured image data mayhave noise due to a variety of factors in the presentation and captureof an image. Based on an operation 330 performed on captured barcodeimage data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320, suchimperfections and noise may be reduced or removed in the generatedcomparative barcode image data 340 such that captured barcode image data340 may be properly decoded.

In various examples, operation 330 may include adding captured barcodeimage data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320,multiplying captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternativebarcode image data 320, taking an absolute value difference betweencaptured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcode imagedata 320, subtracting captured barcode image data 310 and capturedalternative barcode image data 320, determining positive numbers from asubtraction of captured barcode image data 310 from captured alternativebarcode image data 320, or determining positive numbers from asubtraction of captured alternative barcode image data 320 from capturedbarcode image data 310, or the like. Operation 330 may remove noise fromcaptured barcode image data 310 using captured alternative barcode imagedata 320 as a baseline or as a comparative data set, or the like.

Using the example illustrated in FIG. 2, a barcode element 112 a,representing a 0 may be encoded in the RGB color space as (0, 0,0)=Black in barcode image data associated with barcode image 110.However, as discussed, after presentation, capture and decode, thebarcode element may be may be decoded as, for example, (110, 120,90)=Gray in captured barcode image data 310. For example, such adecoding may be mistakenly decoded as White (e.g., representing a 1;White=(255, 255, 255)) using previous techniques based only on barcodeimage data 310. As discussed, such noise may be caused, for example, byreflection 210. In some examples, using a pure black alternative barcodeimage 220, associated barcode element 222 a may be represented as (0, 0,0)=Black in the pure black alternative barcode image 220 and, afterpresentation, capture and decode, pure black barcode element may bedecoded as, for example, (105, 125, 90) in captured alternative barcodeimage data 320.

In such an example, operation 330 may include an absolute valuedifference between captured barcode image data 310 and capturedalternative barcode image data 320. For example, the absolute valuedifference may be |(110, 120, 90)−(105, 125, 90)|=(15, 5, 0) for barcodeelement 112 a and associated barcode element 222 a, which may indicatebarcode element 112 a was encoded as Black. For example, the absolutevalue difference of between the gray of barcode element 112 a caused byreflection 210 as captured and decoded and the gray of associatedbarcode elements 222 a also impacted by reflection 210 may substantiallycancel out (e.g., be substantially close to zero) to a proper decodingof Black for the impacted elements.

In contrast, for barcode element 112 b, which may be encoded asWhite=(255, 255, 255), the captured and decoded value may be (255, 255,255) in captured barcode image data 310. For associated barcode element222 b alternative barcode image 220, the captured and decoded value maybe (105, 125, 90) (e.g., as above) in captured alternative barcode imagedata 320. If operation 330 of an absolute value difference between thebarcode image data and the alternative pure black image data isperformed for barcode element 112 b and associated barcode element 222b, the absolute value difference may be |(255, 255, 255)−(105, 125,90)|=(140, 130, 165), which may be decoded as White. In some examples, athreshold may be applied such that values over the threshold may bedecoded as White and values below the threshold may be decoded as Black.In some examples, the threshold may be about 15 or 25 or 35 or the likefor each channel of the RGB color space.

In another example (not illustrated), in a black and white barcode, abarcode element representing a 1 may be encoded in the RGB color spaceas (255, 255, 255)=White in barcode image data. However, afterpresentation, capture and decode, the barcode element may be may bedecoded as, for example, (80, 90, 60)=Gray in captured barcode imagedata 310, which may be mistakenly decoded as Black (e.g., representing a0; Black=(0, 0, 0)). Such noise may be caused, for example, byunderexposure in presenting the barcode image and limited dynamic rangeof an image capture device. In some examples, using a negativealternative image, the negative barcode element may be represented as(0, 0, 0)=Black in the negative alternative image. After presentation,capture and decode, the negative barcode element may be decoded as, forexample, (50, 55, 40) in captured alternative barcode image data 320again due to limitations in the presenting and capturing hardware or thelike.

For example, operation 330 may be a difference between the barcode imageand the alternative image may be performed in such examples such thatthe difference for the discussed barcode image elements and associatedalternative image element may be (80, 90, 60)−(50, 55, 40)=(30, 35, 20),which may indicate the barcode element is White. For example, adifference of (30, 35, 20) may indicate a relatively strong differencebetween the presented and captured barcode image element (White) and thepresented and captured negative alternative barcode image element(Black). In various examples, difference thresholds such as for example,a threshold of about 15 or 25 or 35 or the like for each channel of theRGB color space, may be used to determine the decoding value.

Further, such techniques may reduce noise due to color shifts. Forexample, in a color barcode example (not illustrated), a barcode elementrepresenting 3-bits of data in a bit pattern of 001 may be encoded as 0,0, 1 and (0, 0, 255)=Blue in RGB color space. However, afterpresentation, capture and decode, the barcode element may be may bedecoded as, for example, (30, 120, 180)=Greenish Blue Aqua in capturedbarcode image data 310, which may be mistakenly decoded as Green, forexample. In some examples, using a negative alternative image, thenegative barcode element may be represented as (255, 255, 0)=Yellow inthe negative alternative image. After presentation, capture and decode,the negative barcode element may be decoded as, for example, (220, 255,5)=Greenish Yellow in captured alternative barcode image data 320, againdue to limitations in the presenting and capturing hardware or colorshifts or the like.

For example, operation 330 may determine positive values of a differencebetween captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcodeimage data 320 may be performed (and set negative values to zero). Forexample, the operation to determine positive values of the differencemay be PosValues[(30, 120, 180)−(220, 255, 5)]=(0, 0, 175), which mayindicate the barcode element is Blue and properly decoded to the bitpattern 001, as desired. For example, determining positive values of adifference between captured barcode image data 310 and capturedalternative barcode image data 320 may provide a baseline for any colorshifts.

In the illustrated example of FIG. 2 and the discussed examples, theimage data representing two images (e.g., a barcode image and analternative image) may be operated on to determine comparative barcodeimage data using an absolute value difference, a difference, and anoperation that determines positive values of a difference between thebarcode image data and the alternative image data (and sets negativevalues to zero). In various other examples, the operation may includeadding the image data, multiplying the image data, an operation thatdetermines positive values of a difference between the alternative imagedata and the barcode image data (and sets negative values to zero), orthe like. Further, in some examples, various operations may be performedon either the barcode image data or the alternative image data prior tooperation 330 such as transposing, rotating, applying a threshold, datasmoothing or the like.

Further still, in some examples, the image data representing more thantwo images may be used. In some examples, multiple different alternativeimages may be provided. In other examples, multiple duplicative imagesmay be captured and averaged or the like prior to an operation beingperformed. Further, multiple operations may be performed on differentportions of an image. For example, some portions of an image may bedecoded with a first operation while the first operation may not besuitable to decode another portion(s) of the image and a differentoperation may be performed on the other portion(s) to decode them. Also,if a first operation fails in decoding barcode image data, a second oradditional different operations may be performed on the barcode imagedata and alternative image data in an attempt to decode the barcode dataor the same (e.g., first) operation may be attempted on a differentbarcode image and alternative image combination. As is discussed below,in some examples, the barcode image and alternative image may beprovided numerous times (e.g., in an alternating pattern) and attemptsmay be made to decode various barcode image and alternative imagecombinations.

FIG. 4 is an illustrative diagram of example system 400 for encoding anddisplaying barcode image 110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 andfor capturing and decoding barcode image 110 and an alternative barcodeimage 120, 220, arranged in accordance with at least someimplementations of the present disclosure. As shown, system 400 mayinclude a system 410 (e.g., an encode and display system) and a system440 (e.g., a capture and decode system). As is discussed further herein,system 410 may encode input data 415 to generate barcode image data 425and may generate alternative barcode image data 427. Barcode image data425 and/or alternative barcode image data 427 may be any data formattedto display barcode image 110 and/or alternative barcode image 120, 220via a display device 430. Further, system 440 may capture barcode image110 and/or alternative barcode image 120, 220 via an image capturedevice 450 to generate captured barcode image data 310 and/or capturedalternative barcode image data 320, which may be stored via an imagebuffer 460, for example. System 440 may decode captured barcode imagedata 310 and/or captured alternative barcode image data 320 to generateoutput data 475, as is discussed further herein.

While FIG. 4 illustrates system 400 as employing particular modules,various other modules or components not depicted in FIG. 4 for the sakeof clarity may also be utilized in accordance with the presentdisclosure. Further, the present disclosure is not limited to theparticular components illustrated in FIG. 4 and/or to the manner inwhich the various components of system 400 are arranged. Variouscomponents of the systems described herein may be implemented insoftware, firmware, and/or hardware and/or any combination thereof. Forexample, various components of system 400 may be provided, at least inpart, by hardware of a computing System-on-a-Chip (SoC) such as may befound in a computing system such as, for example, a mobile phone.

Further, it may be recognized that system 410 may be associated withand/or provided by a content provider system or content display system.It may also be recognized that system 440 may be associated with acontent receiver system. In various examples, system 410 and/or system440 may include a computing device (e.g., a desktop computer, laptopcomputer, tablet computer, convertible laptop, mobile phone or the like)that are physically distinct from one another. For example, in someimplementations system 410 may include a consumer's mobile device andsystem 440 may include a merchant's device such that a consumer maydisplay a barcode indicating store credits or the like for the merchantto capture, decode and process. In other implementations, system 410 mayinclude an advertiser's display and system 440 may include a consumer'smobile device such that the consumer may capture a barcode indicating anadvertisement or a website for an advertisement or the like. In variousexamples, system 410 and system 440 may be configured in a wide range ofimplementations to provide optical communications between system 410 andsystem 440.

As shown in FIG. 4, system 410 may encode input data 415 via a barcodeencode module 420. Input data 415 may include any data such asadvertising data, product data, text data, Internet link data (e.g.,uniform resource locator(s)), or the like. Encode module 420 may encodeinput data 415 using known techniques to generate barcode image data425. As discussed, barcode image data 425 may be any data suitable fordisplay via system 410. Also as shown, barcode encode module maygenerate alternative barcode image data 427. In some examples, barcodeencode module 220 may generate alternative barcode image data 427 eachtime barcode image data 425 is generated. In other examples, alternativebarcode image data 427 may be generated once and used with multiplebarcode image data. In other examples, such as for example, when purecolor alternative barcode image data 427 are implemented, barcode encodemodule may not need to generate alternative barcode image data 427 andalternative barcode image data 427 may be retrieved from an image buffer(not shown in system 410 for the sake of clarity of presentation) or thelike.

As shown in FIG. 4, barcode image 110 associated with barcode image data425 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 associated with alternativebarcode image data 427 may be displayed via display device 430. Barcodeimage 110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 may be displayed usingany suitable technique or techniques. In some examples, barcode image110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 may be displayed on a same orsimilar portion of display device 430 such that any noise (which thedescribed techniques may reduce or remove) may be substantiallyduplicated on both barcode image 110 and alternative barcode image 120,220. In some examples, barcode image 110 and alternative barcode image120, 220 may be displayed alternatingly on display device 230 such thatfirst barcode image 210 is displayed and then alternative barcode image120, 220 is displayed or such that first alternative barcode image 120,220 is displayed and then barcode image 110 is displayed.

In some examples, barcode image 110 may be a static barcode image suchthat a single frame (e.g., image) of data is to be communicated betweensystem 410 and system 440. In such examples, barcode image 110 andalternative barcode image 120, 220 may be alternatingly displayed at aframe rate such as 10 frames per second, or the like. In some examples,barcode image 110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 may bealternatingly displayed at one half of a capture rate implemented viaimage capture device 450 as is discussed further below. In otherexamples, barcode image 110 may be a static dynamic barcode image suchthat a multiple frames (e.g., images) of data are to be communicatedbetween system 410 and system 440. In such examples, barcode image 110and alternative barcode image 120, 220 may represent one frame ofmultiple frames. In such examples, barcode image 110 (represented asI-1) and alternative barcode image 120, 220 (represented as AI-1) may beone of several frames or images such as, for exemplary purposes, threeframes or images (with the second and third represented as I-2 and I-3,respectively, and having, in some examples, alternative images AI-2 andAI-2).

In some dynamic barcode examples, the dynamic barcode may be presentedby displaying barcode image 110, displaying alternative barcode image120, 220, and subsequently displaying any remaining images of themultiple images on the same area of display device 430. Continuing theabove example, the dynamic barcode may be presented by displaying, inorder: I-1, AI-1, I-2, AI-2, I-3, and AI-3, and repeating, if necessary,such a sequence as needed. In some other dynamic barcode examples, thedynamic barcode may be presented by displaying barcode image 110,displaying one or more images associated with any remaining images ofthe plurality of images, and subsequently displaying alternative barcodeimage 120, 220 on the same area of display device 430. Again continuingthe above example, in such examples, the dynamic barcode may bepresented by displaying, in order: I-1, I-2, I-3, AI-1, AI-2, and AI-3,and repeating, if necessary, such a sequence as needed.

As discussed, in various examples, barcode image and alternative barcodeimage 120 may be displayed alternatingly and/or using various sequences.In some examples, such display may be provided in a specification orother standard that may be provided for operation of system 210 and/orsystem 240.

As shown, barcode image 110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 maybe captured at image capture device 450 to generate captured barcodeimage data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320, asdiscussed with respect to FIG. 3. Image capture device 450 may includeany device capable of capturing barcode image 110 and alternativebarcode image 120, 220 such as for example, a camera or a scanner or thelike. In some examples, captured barcode image data 310 and capturedalternative barcode image data 320 may be stored via image buffer 460.Image buffer 460 may include any memory device such as, for example, arandom access memory device or a block or portion of a random accessmemory device. Image buffer 460 may be configured to receive, store, andtransmit captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternativebarcode image data 320. For example, image buffer may receive capturedbarcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320from image capture device 250, store captured barcode image data 310 andcaptured alternative barcode image data 320, and transmit capturedbarcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320to barcode decode module 470 (or allow barcode decode module access tocaptured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcode imagedata 320).

As shown in FIG. 4, barcode decode module 470 may receive barcode imagedata 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320 and generateoutput data 475. For example, barcode decode module 470 may performoperation 330 on barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcodeimage data 320 to generate comparative barcode image data 340 andbarcode decode module 470 may generate output data 475 based oncomparative barcode image data 340. In some examples, output data 475may match or substantially match input data 415 upon a successfulencode, display, image capture, and decode as discussed herein.

In some examples, decoding output data 475 based on comparative barcodeimage data 340 may include one or more operations such as applying adenoise operation to comparative barcode image data 340, binarizingcomparative barcode image data 340 on one or more channels (e.g. thechannels may include a black and white channel or multiple channels suchas a red channel, a green channel, and a blue channel, or the like)locating code areas in comparative barcode image data 340, and/ordecoding comparative barcode image data 340 to generate output data 475or decoded barcode data. For example, decoded barcode data may bevalidated and, if validated, output data 475 matching the decodedbarcode data may be transmitted by barcode decode module 470. If thedecoded barcode data is not valid, subsequent processing may beperformed in an effort to decode receive barcode image data 310 andcaptured alternative barcode image data 320, as is discussed furtherherein.

As discussed with respect to FIG. 4 and as will be discussed in greaterdetail below, a system, such as a computer-implemented system may beused to perform some or all of the various operations discussed hereinwith respect to FIGS. 1-3 and elsewhere herein.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example process 500, arranged inaccordance with at least some implementations of the present disclosure.In some examples, process 500 may provide a computer-implemented methodfor generating barcode images. In the illustrated implementation,process 500 may include one or more operations, functions or actions asillustrated by one or more of operations 502, 504, and/or 506. By way ofnon-limiting example, process 500 will be described herein withreference to operations discussed with respect to FIGS. 1-3 above andexample system 400 as discussed herein.

Process 500 may be utilized as a computer-implemented method forproviding generating barcode images. Process 500 may begin at operation502, “Encode Input Data to Generate Barcode Image Data”, where inputdata may be encoded to generate barcode image data. For example, inputdata 415 may be encoded by barcode encode module 420 to generate barcodeimage data. Input data 415 may include any data suitable for encoding ina barcode image such as text data or the like.

Processing may continue from operation 502 to operation 504, “GenerateAlternative Barcode Image Data Associated with the Barcode Image Data”,where alternative barcode image data associated with the barcode imagedata may be generated. For example, the alternative barcode image datamay be different than and complementary to the barcode image data. Forexample, barcode encode module 420 may generate alternative barcodeimage data 427.

Processing may continue from operation 504 to operation 506,“Alternatingly Display a Barcode Image Associated with the Barcode ImageData and an Alternative Barcode Image Associated with the AlternativeBarcode Image Data”, where a barcode image associated with the barcodeimage data and an alternative barcode image associated with thealternative barcode image data may be alternatingly displayed via adisplay device. For example, barcode image 110 and alternative barcodeimage 120, 220 may be alternatingly displayed via display device 430 asdiscussed herein.

As shown in FIG. 5, in some examples, operations 902-906 may beperformed serially. However, as discussed herein, the operations of FIG.5 may be performed in another order and some operations may be skippedentirely. Further, as described, the operations of FIG. 5 may beutilized to encode input data and display a barcode image and analternative barcode image. In some examples, further operations may beperformed to encode input data and display a barcode image and analternative barcode image.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an example process 600, arranged inaccordance with at least some implementations of the present disclosure.In some examples, process 600 may provide a computer-implemented methodfor decoding barcode images. In the illustrated implementation, process600 may include one or more operations, functions or actions asillustrated by one or more of operations 602, 604, 606, and/or 608. Byway of non-limiting example, process 600 will be described herein withreference to operations discussed with respect to FIGS. 1-3 above andexample system 400 as discussed herein.

Process 600 may be utilized as a computer-implemented method fordecoding barcode images. Process 600 may begin at operation 602,“Capture a Barcode Image to Generate Captured Barcode Image Data”, wherea barcode image may be captured to generate barcode image data. Forexample, barcode image 110 may be captured by image capture device 450to generate captured barcode image data 310.

Processing may continue from operation 602 to operation 604, “Capture anAlternative Barcode Image to Generate Captured Alternative Barcode ImageData”, where an alternative barcode image may be captured to generatealternative barcode image data. For example, the alternative barcodeimage data may be associated with the barcode image data and thealternative barcode image data may be different than the barcode image.For example, alternative barcode image 120, 220 may be captured by imagecapture device 450 to generate captured alternative barcode image data320. In some examples, captured alternative barcode image data 320 maybe representative of a negative image of barcode image 110 or capturedalternative barcode image data 320 may be representative of a pure blackimage or the like.

Processing may continue from operation 604 to operation 606, “Perform anOperation on the Captured Barcode Image Data and the A CapturedAlternative Barcode Image Data to Generate Comparative Barcode ImageData”, where an operation may be performed on the barcode image data andthe alternative barcode image data to generate comparative barcode imagedata. For example, barcode decode module 470 may perform operation 330on captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcodeimage data 320 to generate comparative barcode image data 340.

Processing may continue from operation 606 to operation 608, “GenerateBarcode Output Data based on Decoding the Comparative Barcode ImageData”, where barcode output data may be generated based at least in parton decoding the comparative barcode image data. For example, barcodedecode module 470 may generate output data 475 based on decodingcomparative barcode image data 340.

As shown in FIG. 6, in some examples, operations 602-608 may beperformed serially. However, as discussed herein, the operations of FIG.6 may be performed in another order (e.g., operations 602 and 604 may beperformed in the opposite order) and some operations may be skippedentirely. Further, as described, the operations of FIG. 6 may beutilized to decode barcode images. In some examples, further operationsmay be performed to decode barcode images, as shown below with respectto either FIGS. 7 and 8.

For example, FIG. 7 describes operations performed with respect todecoding barcode images. FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exampleprocess, arranged in accordance with at least some implementations ofthe present disclosure. In some examples, process 700 may provide acomputer-implemented method for decoding barcode images. In theillustrated implementation, process 700 may include one or moreoperations, functions or actions as illustrated by one or more ofoperations 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, and/or 708. By way ofnon-limiting example, process 700 will be described herein withreference to operations discussed with respect to FIGS. 1-4 and 6 andexample system 400 as discussed herein.

Process 700 may be utilized as a computer-implemented method fordecoding barcode images. For example, process 700 may be utilized as acomputer-implemented method for decoding barcode images when thealternative barcode image is a pure black alternative image. In suchexamples, the barcode image may be either a black and white barcode or acolor barcode, as discussed herein. Process 700 may begin at operation701, “Obtain Barcode Image Data (I1) and Pure Black Alternative BarcodeImage Data (I2)”, where barcode image data and pure black alternativebarcode image data may be obtained. For example, barcode image 110 andalternative barcode image 220 may be captured via image capture device450 to generate captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternativebarcode image data 320. Although described as “pure black”, the pureblack barcode image data may include noise due to glare or reflectionsor the like as discussed herein.

Processing may continue from operation 701 to operation 702, “DetermineComparative Barcode Image Data as Absolute Value DifferenceIDIFF=ABSDIFF(I1−I2)”, where comparative barcode image data may bedetermined. For example, barcode decode module 470 may perform operation330 on captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcodeimage data 320 to generate comparative barcode image data 340 such thatoperation 330 includes an absolute value difference given asIDIFF=ABSDIFF(I1−I2), where IDIFF may be the comparative barcode imagedata and ABSDIFF may be an operation that takes the absolute valuedifference between barcode image data (I1) and alternative barcode imagedata (I2).

As discussed above, in some examples, comparative barcode image datasuch as, for example, IDIFF, may be decoded to generate barcode outputdata. In other examples, the comparative barcode image data may bedecoded by providing further operations as shown at operations 703-705.Although discussed with respect to comparative barcode image data IDIFF,operations 704-705 may be performed on any comparative barcode imagedata as discussed herein prior to decode.

As shown, processing may continue at operation 703, “Denoise ComparativeBarcode Image Data, IDIFF”, wherein the comparative barcode image datasuch as, for example, IDIFF or comparative barcode image data 340 or thelike, may be denoised. Processing may continue from operation 703 tooperation 704, “Binarize Comparative Barcode Image Data, IDIFF”, wherethe comparative barcode image data such as, for example, IDIFF orcomparative barcode image data 340 or the like, may be binarized.Processing may continue from operation 704 to operation 705, “LocateCode Areas in Comparative Barcode Image Data, IDIFF”, where code areasin the comparative barcode image data such as, for example, IDIFF orcomparative barcode image data 340 or the like, may be located.Processing may continue from operation 705 to operation 706, “Decode theComparative Barcode Image Data, IDIFF, to Generate Decoded BarcodeData”, where the comparative barcode image data such as, for example,IDIFF or comparative barcode image data 340 or the like, may be decodedto generate decoded barcode data.

Processing may continue from operation 706 to decision operation 707,“Decoded Barcode Data Valid?”, where it may be determined whether thedecoded barcode data is valid. If it is determined the decoded barcodedata is valid, process 700 may continue at operation 708, “OutputDecoded Barcode Data”, where the decoded barcode data may be provided asoutput data. For example, the decoded barcode data may be provided asoutput data 475 or the like. If it is determined the decoded barcodedata is invalid, process 700 may continue at operation 701, whereoperations 701-707 may be substantially repeated using different barcodeimage data, different pure black alternative barcode image data, or bothdifferent barcode image data and different pure black alternativebarcode image data. For example, as discussed herein, image capturedevice 450 may capture any number barcode images and/or alternativebarcode images for decoding as discussed herein.

As shown, process 700 may include a loop such that various barcodeimages and/or alternative barcode images may be decoded as needed toobtain valid output data as discussed. In some examples, if a thresholdnumber of failures have occurred, a user may be notified of the failure(e.g., via a display device of system 440 (not shown)).

In another example, FIG. 8 describes operations performed with respectto decoding barcode images. FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating anexample process, arranged in accordance with at least someimplementations of the present disclosure. In some examples, process 800may provide a computer-implemented method for decoding barcode images.In the illustrated implementation, process 800 may include one or moreoperations, functions or actions as illustrated by one or more ofoperations 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, and/or 809. By way ofnon-limiting example, process 800 will be described herein withreference to operations discussed with respect to FIGS. 1-4 and 6 andexample system 400 as discussed herein.

Process 800 may be utilized as a computer-implemented method fordecoding barcode images. For example, process 800 may be utilized as acomputer-implemented method for decoding barcode images when thealternative barcode image is a negative alternative image (e.g., anegative of the barcode image). In such examples, the barcode image maybe either a black and white barcode or a color barcode, as discussedherein. Process 800 may begin at operation 701, “Obtain Barcode ImageData (I1) and Negative Alternative Barcode Image Data (I2)”, wherebarcode image data and negative alternative barcode image data may beobtained. For example, barcode image 110 and alternative barcode image120 may be captured via image capture device 450 to generate capturedbarcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320.As discussed, in various examples, barcode image data 310 and capturedalternative barcode image data 320 may include noise due to a variety offactors as discussed herein.

Processing may continue from operation 801 to operation 802, “DetermineComparative Barcode Image Data as Absolute Value DifferenceIDIFF=ABSDIFF(I1−I2)”, where comparative barcode image data may bedetermined. For example, barcode decode module 470 may perform operation330 on captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcodeimage data 320 to generate comparative barcode image data 340 such thatoperation 330 includes an absolute value difference given asIDIFF=ABSDIFF(I1−I2), where IDIFF may be the comparative barcode imagedata and ABSDIFF may be an operation that takes the absolute valuedifference between barcode image data (I1) and alternative barcode imagedata (I2).

As discussed above, in some examples, comparative barcode image datasuch as, for example, IDIFF, may be decoded to generate barcode outputdata. In other examples, the comparative barcode image data may bedecoded by providing further operations as shown at operation 803 and asdiscussed above with respect to operations 703-705. As shown, processingmay continue at operation 803, “Denoise, Binarize, and Locate Code Areasin Comparative Barcode Image Data, IDIFF”, where the comparative barcodeimage data such as, for example, IDIFF or comparative barcode image data340 or the like, may be denoised and binarized, and where code areas inthe comparative barcode image data may be located.

Processing may continue from operation 803 to operation 804, “DeterminePositive Values from Comparative Barcode Image DataIDIFFCode=PositiveNumbers(IDIFF(I1−I2))”, where comparative barcodeimage data may be determined. For example, barcode decode module 470 mayperform operation 330 on captured barcode image data 310 and capturedalternative barcode image data 320 or on processed comparative barcodeimage data IDIFF to generate comparative barcode image data 340 suchthat operation 330 includes determining positive numbers from asubtraction of the alternative barcode image data from the barcode imagedata given as IDIFFCode=PositiveNumbers(IDIFF(I1−I2)), where IDIFFCodemay be the comparative barcode image data and PositiveNumbers may be anoperation that determines positive numbers from a subtraction operations(and may set negative values to zero, in some examples).

Processing may continue from operation 804 to operation 805, “Decode theComparative Barcode Image Data, IDIFFCode, to Generate Decoded BarcodeData”, where the comparative barcode image data such as, for example,IDIFFCode or comparative barcode image data 340 or the like, may bedecoded to generate decoded barcode data.

Processing may continue from operation 805 to decision operation 806,“Decoded Barcode Data Valid?”, where it may be determined whether thedecoded barcode data is valid. If it is determined the decoded barcodedata is valid, process 800 may continue at operation 810, “OutputDecoded Barcode Data”, where the decoded barcode data may be provided asoutput data. For example, the decoded barcode data may be provided asoutput data 475 or the like.

If it is determined the decoded barcode data is invalid, process 800 maycontinue at operation 807, “Determine Negative Values from ComparativeBarcode Image Data IDIFFCode2=IDIFF−IDIFFCode”, where comparativebarcode image data may be determined. For example, barcode decode module470 may perform operation 330 on captured barcode image data 310 andcaptured alternative barcode image data 320 or on processed comparativebarcode image data IDIFF and IDIFFCode to generate comparative barcodeimage data 340 such that operation 330 includes determining negativenumbers from a subtraction of the alternative barcode image data fromthe barcode image data given as IDIFFCode2=IDIFF−IDIFFCode, whereIDIFFCode2 may be the comparative barcode image data. In other examples,at operation 807, the negative numbers (e.g., component) of thesubtraction of the alternative barcode image data from the barcode imagedata may be represented as positive values (e.g. the negative componentmay be determined and used as a magnitude value). In some examples, atoperation 807, the positive numbers from a subtraction of the barcodeimage data from the alternative barcode image data may be used todetermine the magnitude of the negative component.

Processing may continue from operation 807 to operation 808, “Decode theComparative Barcode Image Data, IDIFFCode2, to Generate Decoded BarcodeData”, where the comparative barcode image data such as, for example,IDIFFCode or comparative barcode image data 340 or the like, may bedecoded to generate decoded barcode data. Processing may continue fromoperation 808 to decision operation 809, “Decoded Barcode Data Valid?”,where it may be determined whether the decoded barcode data is valid. Ifit is determined the decoded barcode data is valid, process 800 maycontinue at operation 810, “Output Decoded Barcode Data”, where thedecoded barcode data may be provided as output data as discussed.

If it is determined the decoded barcode data is invalid, process 800 maycontinue at operation 701, where operations 801-809 may be substantiallyrepeated using different barcode image data, different negativealternative barcode image data, or both different barcode image data anddifferent negative alternative barcode image data. For example, asdiscussed herein, image capture device 450 may capture any numberbarcode images and/or alternative barcode images for decoding asdiscussed herein.

As shown, process 800 may include a loop such that various barcodeimages and/or alternative barcode images may be decoded as needed toobtain valid output data as discussed. In some examples, if a thresholdnumber of failures have occurred, a user may be notified of the failure(e.g., via a display device of system 440 (not shown)).

In some examples, processes 500, 600, 700 and/or 800 may provide forpresenting and decoding barcode images as discussed herein. Processes500, 600, 700 and/or 800 may be repeated any number of times either inserial or in parallel, as needed. Furthermore, processes 500, 600, 700and/or process 800 may be implemented via hardware, software, firmware,or a combination thereof, as is discussed further herein.

The techniques discussed herein may provide improved accuracy and decodesuccess rate for communicating barcode images. For example, in testswith strong reflections, accurate decode rates improved from about 17%with no alternative image to about 97% when using an alternative imageand the described techniques. In tests with both strong reflections andcolor shifts, accuracy decode rates improved from about 0% with noalternative image to about 71% when using an alternative image and thedescribed techniques.

Further, the techniques described herein may be combined with othertechniques to improved decoding. In some examples, movement between abarcode image and an alternative barcode image may be detected andcorrected for using various techniques such as, for example, descriptormatching techniques. Further, in some examples, the techniques discussedherein may be used in combination with standard techniques providingdecoding using only a barcode image. For example, the techniquesdiscussed herein may be performed upon a failure of decoding using onlythe barcode image or failed areas of the barcode image may besuccessfully decoded using the discussed techniques, or the like.

Some additional and/or alternative details related to processes 500,600, 700 and/or 800 and or system 400 may be illustrated in one or moreexamples of implementations discussed in greater detail below.

FIG. 9 is an illustrative diagram of example system 400 and process 900for encoding and displaying a barcode image and an alternative barcodeimage and for capturing and decoding the barcode image and thealternative barcode image, arranged in accordance with at least someimplementations of the present disclosure. In the illustratedimplementation, process 900 may include one or more operations,functions or actions as illustrated by one or more of operations 901,902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, and/or 911. By way ofnon-limiting example, process 900 also will be described herein withreference to example system 400 as discussed herein.

In the illustrated implementation, system 400 may include logic modules910, the like, and/or combinations thereof. For example, logic modules910, may include system 410, which may include barcode encode module 420and/or display device 430 and system 440, which may include imagecapture device 450, image buffer 460, and/or barcode decode module 470,the like, and/or combinations thereof. In various examples, system 410and system 440 may be implemented separately as discussed herein.

Barcode encode module 420, for example, may be configured to encodeinput data to generate barcode image data and/or generate alternativebarcode image data associated with the barcode image data. Displaydevice 430, for example, may be configured to alternatingly display abarcode image associated with the barcode image data and an alternativebarcode image associated with the alternative barcode image data.

Image capture device 450, for example, may be configured to capture abarcode image to generate barcode image data and/or capture analternative barcode image different than the barcode image to generatealternative barcode image data. Image buffer 460, for example, may beconfigured to. Barcode decode module 470, for example, may be configuredto perform an operation on the barcode image data and the alternativebarcode image data to generate comparative barcode image data, generatebarcode output data based at least in part on a decode of thecomparative barcode image data, and/or transmit the barcode output data.

Process 900 may be utilized as a computer-implemented method forproviding barcode communication. Process 900 may begin at operation 901,“Encode Input Data to Generate Barcode Image Data”, where input data maybe encoded to generate barcode image data. For example, input data 415may be encoded by barcode encode module 420 to generate barcode imagedata. Input data 415 may include any data suitable for encoding in abarcode image such as text data or the like.

Processing may continue from operation 901 to operation 902, “GenerateAlternative Barcode Image Data”, where alternative barcode image dataassociated with the barcode image data may be generated. For example,the alternative barcode image data may be different than andcomplementary to the barcode image data. For example, barcode encodemodule 420 may generate alternative barcode image data 427.

Processing may continue from operation 902 to operation 903, “TransferImage Data”, where barcode image data and/or alternative barcode imagedata may be transferred from barcode encode module 420 to display device430. In some examples, barcode image data and/or alternative barcodeimage data may be transferred via an image buffer or the like.

Processing may continue from operation 903 to operation 904,“Alternatingly Display Barcode and Alternative Barcode Images”, where abarcode image associated with the barcode image data and an alternativebarcode image associated with the alternative barcode image data may bealternatingly displayed via a display device. For example, barcode image110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 may be alternatinglydisplayed via display device 430 as discussed herein.

In some examples, operations 901, 902, 903, and/or 904 may provide forgenerating barcode images. For example, barcode images and alternativebarcode images may be generated and displayed via system 410.

Processing may continue from operation 904 to operation 905, “CaptureBarcode and Alternative Barcode Images”, where a barcode image and analternative barcode image may be captured to generate barcode image dataand alternative barcode image data, respectively. For example, barcodeimage 110 and alternative barcode image 120, 220 may be captured byimage capture device 450 to generate captured barcode image data 310 andcaptured alternative barcode image data 320.

Processing may continue from operation 905 to operation 906, “Receive,Store, and Transfer Barcode and Alternative Barcode Image Data”, wherethe barcode image data and the alternative barcode image data may bereceived, stored and transferred. For example, image buffer 460 mayreceive captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternative barcodeimage data 320 from image capture device 450, store captured barcodeimage data 310 and captured alternative barcode image data 320, andtransfer captured barcode image data 310 and captured alternativebarcode image data 320 to barcode decode module 470.

Processing may continue from operation 906 to operation 907, “PerformOperation”, where an operation may be performed on the barcode imagedata and the alternative barcode image data. For example, barcode decodemodule 470 may perform operation 330 on captured barcode image data 310and captured alternative barcode image data 320 to generate comparativebarcode image data 340 as discussed herein.

Processing may continue from operation 907 to operation 908, “Denoise,Binarize, and Locate Code Areas”, where the comparative barcode imagedata may be denoised and binarized and where code areas may be locatedin the comparative barcode image data

Processing may continue from operation 908 to operation 909, “Decode”,where the comparative barcode image data may be decoded. For example,barcode decode module 470 may decode comparative barcode image data 340.

Processing may continue from operation 909 to operation 910, “Repeat ifInvalid Data”, where it may be determined whether the decoded barcodedata is valid. If the decoded barcode data is valid, process 900 maycontinue at operation 911, “Output Barcode Data” where the data may beprovided or transmitted as output data 475, for example. If the decodedbarcode data is valid, any of operations 907, 908, and/or 909 may berepeated either with the same or different on different barcode imagedata and/or alternative barcode image data or with the same operation onthe same barcode image data and/or alternative barcode image data.

In some examples, operations 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, and/or 911may provide for decoding barcode images. Such decoding may be performedat a consumer's mobile device, for example.

Process 900 may be repeated any number of times either in serial or inparallel, as needed. Furthermore, in general, barcode encode module 420and/or barcode decode module 470 may be implemented via hardware,software, and/or firmware. In various examples, barcode encode module420 and/or barcode decode module 470 may be implemented via a processingunit such as, for example, a graphics processing unit or a centralprocessing unit, or the like.

While implementation of example processes 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 andother processes discussed herein may include the undertaking of alloperations shown in the order illustrated, the present disclosure is notlimited in this regard and, in various examples, implementation of theprocesses discussed herein may include the undertaking only a subset ofthe operations shown and/or in a different order than illustrated.

In addition, any one or more of the operations discussed herein may beundertaken in response to instructions provided by one or more computerprogram products. Such program products may include signal bearing mediaproviding instructions that, when executed by, for example, a processor,may provide the functionality described herein. The computer programproducts may be provided in any form of computer readable medium. Thus,for example, a processor including one or more processor core(s) mayundertake one or more of the operations or operations discussed herein.

As used in any implementation described herein, the term “module” refersto any combination of software, firmware and/or hardware configured toprovide the functionality described herein. The software may be embodiedas a software package, code and/or instruction set or instructions, and“hardware”, as used in any implementation described herein, may include,for example, singly or in any combination, hardwired circuitry,programmable circuitry, state machine circuitry, and/or firmware thatstores instructions executed by programmable circuitry. The modules may,collectively or individually, be embodied as circuitry that forms partof a larger system, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), systemon-chip (SoC), and so forth.

FIG. 10 is an illustrative diagram of example system for encoding anddisplaying a barcode image and an alternative barcode image and forcapturing and decoding the barcode image and the alternative barcodeimage, arranged in accordance with at least some implementations of thepresent disclosure. In the illustrated implementation, system 400 mayinclude system 410, which may include one or more processing units 1006,one or more memory stores 1020, an image buffer 1030 and/or displaydevice 430, and system 440, which may include one or more processingunits 1008, one or more memory stores 1022, image buffer 420 and/orimage capture device 450.

As discussed above, in some examples, system 410 and system 440 may beimplemented separately. Central processing units 1006, memory stores1020, and/or display device 430 may be capable of communication with oneanother, via, for example, a bus or other access. In variousimplementations, display device 430 may be integrated in system 410 orimplemented separately from system 410. Similarly, central processingunits 1008, memory stores 1022, and/or image capture device 450 may becapable of communication with one another, via, for example, a bus orother access. In various implementations, image capture device 450 maybe integrated in system 440 or implemented separately from system 440.

As shown in FIG. 10, and discussed above, barcode encode module 420 maybe implemented via processing unit(s) 1006. In various examples,processing unit(s) 1006 may include a central processing unit or unitsor a graphics processing unit or units. As shown, processing unit(s)1006 may be communicatively coupled to memory stores 1020. Also asshown, image buffer 1030 may be implemented via memory stores 1020.Processing unit(s) 1006 may also be communicative coupled to displaydevice 430. Barcode encode module 420 may be configured to encode inputdata to generate barcode image data and/or to generate alternativebarcode image data associated with barcode image data, as discussedherein. Display device 430 may be configured to alternatingly display abarcode image associated with the barcode image data and an alternativebarcode image associated with the alternative barcode image data, asdiscussed herein.

Also as shown in FIG. 10, and discussed above, barcode decode module 470may be implemented via processing unit(s) 1008. In various examples,processing unit(s) 1008 may include a central processing unit or unitsor a graphics processing unit or units. As shown, processing unit(s)1008 may be communicatively coupled to memory stores 1022. Also asshown, image buffer 460 may be implemented via memory stores 1022.Processing unit(s) 1008 may also be communicative coupled to imagecapture device 450. Image capture device 450 may be configured tocapture a barcode image to generate barcode image data and/or capture analternative barcode image different than the barcode image to generatealternative barcode image data, as discussed herein. Barcode decodemodule 470 may be configured to perform an operation on the barcodeimage data and the alternative barcode image data to generatecomparative barcode image data, generate barcode output data based atleast in part on a decode of the comparative barcode image data, and/ortransmit the barcode output data, as discussed herein.

As will be appreciated, the modules illustrated in FIG. 10 may include avariety of software and/or hardware modules and/or modules that may beimplemented via software and/or hardware. For example, the modules maybe implemented as software via processing unit(s) 1006 and/or 1008.Furthermore, the shown memory stores 1020, 1022 may be shared memory forprocessing units 1006, 1008, respectively, for example. Also, system 410or system 440 may be implemented in a variety of ways. For example,system 410 (excluding display device 430) may be implemented as a singlechip or device having a graphics processor, a quad-core centralprocessing unit, on-board cache, and a memory controller input/output(I/O) module (not shown). In other examples, system 410 (again excludingdisplay device 430) may be implemented as a chipset. In another example,system 440 (excluding image capture device 450) may be implemented as asingle chip or device having a graphics processor, a quad-core centralprocessing unit, on-board cache, and a memory controller input/output(I/O) module (not shown). In other examples, system 440 (again excludingimage capture device 450) may be implemented as a chipset.

Processing units 1006 or 1008 may include any suitable implementationsincluding, for example, microprocessor(s), multicore processors,application specific integrated circuits, chip(s), chipsets, graphicsprocessors, or the like. In addition, memory stores 1020 or 1022 and/orimage buffers 1030 or 460 1340 may be any type of memory such asvolatile memory (e.g., Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), DynamicRandom Access Memory (DRAM), etc.) or non-volatile memory (e.g., flashmemory, etc.), and so forth. In a non-limiting example, memory stores1020 or 1022 and/or image buffers 1030 or 460 1340 may be implementedvia cache memory. In various examples, system 410 or system 440 may beimplemented as a chipset or as a system on a chip.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example system 1100 in accordance with thepresent disclosure. In various implementations, system 1100 may be amedia system although system 1100 is not limited to this context. Forexample, system 1100 may be incorporated into a personal computer (PC),laptop computer, ultra-laptop computer, tablet, touch pad, portablecomputer, handheld computer, palmtop computer, personal digitalassistant (PDA), cellular telephone, combination cellular telephone/PDA,television, smart device (e.g., smart phone, smart tablet or smarttelevision), mobile internet device (MID), messaging device, datacommunication device, and so forth.

In various implementations, system 1100 includes a platform 1102 coupledto a display 1120. Platform 1102 may receive content from a contentdevice such as content services device(s) 1130 or content deliverydevice(s) 1140 or other similar content sources. A navigation controller1150 including one or more navigation features may be used to interactwith, for example, platform 1102 and/or display 1120. Each of thesecomponents is described in greater detail below.

In various implementations, platform 1102 may include any combination ofa chipset 1105, processor 1110, memory 1112, storage 1114, graphicssubsystem 1115, applications 1116 and/or radio 1118. Chipset 1105 mayprovide intercommunication among processor 1110, memory 1112, storage1114, graphics subsystem 1115, applications 1116 and/or radio 1118. Forexample, chipset 1105 may include a storage adapter (not depicted)capable of providing intercommunication with storage 1114.

Processor 1110 may be implemented as a Complex Instruction Set Computer(CISC) or Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processors; x86instruction set compatible processors, multi-core, or any othermicroprocessor or central processing unit (CPU). In variousimplementations, processor 1110 may be dual-core processor(s), dual-coremobile processor(s), and so forth.

Memory 1112 may be implemented as a volatile memory device such as, butnot limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic Random AccessMemory (DRAM), or Static RAM (SRAM).

Storage 1114 may be implemented as a non-volatile storage device suchas, but not limited to, a magnetic disk drive, optical disk drive, tapedrive, an internal storage device, an attached storage device, flashmemory, battery backed-up SDRAM (synchronous DRAM), and/or a networkaccessible storage device. In various implementations, storage 1114 mayinclude technology to increase the storage performance enhancedprotection for valuable digital media when multiple hard drives areincluded, for example.

Graphics subsystem 1115 may perform processing of images such as stillor video for display. Graphics subsystem 1115 may be a graphicsprocessing unit (GPU) or a visual processing unit (VPU), for example. Ananalog or digital interface may be used to communicatively couplegraphics subsystem 1115 and display 1120. For example, the interface maybe any of a High-Definition Multimedia Interface, Display Port, wirelessHDMI, and/or wireless HD compliant techniques. Graphics subsystem 1115may be integrated into processor 1110 or chipset 1105. In someimplementations, graphics subsystem 1115 may be a stand-alone cardcommunicatively coupled to chipset 1105.

The graphics and/or video processing techniques described herein may beimplemented in various hardware architectures. For example, graphicsand/or video functionality may be integrated within a chipset.Alternatively, a discrete graphics and/or video processor may be used.As still another implementation, the graphics and/or video functions maybe provided by a general purpose processor, including a multi-coreprocessor. In other embodiments, the functions may be implemented in aconsumer electronics device.

Radio 1118 may include one or more radios capable of transmitting andreceiving signals using various suitable wireless communicationstechniques. Such techniques may involve communications across one ormore wireless networks. Example wireless networks include (but are notlimited to) wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal areanetworks (WPANs), wireless metropolitan area network (WMANs), cellularnetworks, and satellite networks. In communicating across such networks,radio 1118 may operate in accordance with one or more applicablestandards in any version.

In various implementations, display 1120 may include any television typemonitor or display. Display 1120 may include, for example, a computerdisplay screen, touch screen display, video monitor, television-likedevice, and/or a television. Display 1120 may be digital and/or analog.In various implementations, display 1120 may be a holographic display.Also, display 1120 may be a transparent surface that may receive avisual projection. Such projections may convey various forms ofinformation, images, and/or objects. For example, such projections maybe a visual overlay for a mobile augmented reality (MAR) application.Under the control of one or more software applications 1116, platform1102 may display user interface 1122 on display 1120.

In various implementations, content services device(s) 1130 may behosted by any national, international and/or independent service andthus accessible to platform 1102 via the Internet, for example. Contentservices device(s) 1130 may be coupled to platform 1102 and/or todisplay 1120. Platform 1102 and/or content services device(s) 1130 maybe coupled to a network 1160 to communicate (e.g., send and/or receive)media information to and from network 1160. Content delivery device(s)1140 also may be coupled to platform 1102 and/or to display 1120.

In various implementations, content services device(s) 1130 may includea cable television box, personal computer, network, telephone, Internetenabled devices or appliance capable of delivering digital informationand/or content, and any other similar device capable of unidirectionallyor bidirectionally communicating content between content providers andplatform 1102 and/display 1120, via network 1160 or directly. It will beappreciated that the content may be communicated unidirectionally and/orbidirectionally to and from any one of the components in system 1100 anda content provider via network 1160. Examples of content may include anymedia information including, for example, video, music, medical andgaming information, and so forth.

Content services device(s) 1130 may receive content such as cabletelevision programming including media information, digital information,and/or other content. Examples of content providers may include anycable or satellite television or radio or Internet content providers.The provided examples are not meant to limit implementations inaccordance with the present disclosure in any way.

In various implementations, platform 1102 may receive control signalsfrom navigation controller 1150 having one or more navigation features.The navigation features of controller 1150 may be used to interact withuser interface 1122, for example. In embodiments, navigation controller1150 may be a pointing device that may be a computer hardware component(specifically, a human interface device) that allows a user to inputspatial (e.g., continuous and multi-dimensional) data into a computer.Many systems such as graphical user interfaces (GUI), and televisionsand monitors allow the user to control and provide data to the computeror television using physical gestures.

Movements of the navigation features of controller 1150 may bereplicated on a display (e.g., display 1120) by movements of a pointer,cursor, focus ring, or other visual indicators displayed on the display.For example, under the control of software applications 1116, thenavigation features located on navigation controller 1150 may be mappedto virtual navigation features displayed on user interface 1122, forexample. In embodiments, controller 1150 may not be a separate componentbut may be integrated into platform 1102 and/or display 1120. Thepresent disclosure, however, is not limited to the elements or in thecontext shown or described herein.

In various implementations, drivers (not shown) may include technologyto enable users to instantly turn on and off platform 1102 like atelevision with the touch of a button after initial boot-up, whenenabled, for example. Program logic may allow platform 1102 to streamcontent to media adaptors or other content services device(s) 1130 orcontent delivery device(s) 1140 even when the platform is turned “off.”In addition, chipset 1105 may include hardware and/or software supportfor 7.1 surround sound audio and/or high definition (7.1) surround soundaudio, for example. Drivers may include a graphics driver for integratedgraphics platforms. In embodiments, the graphics driver may comprise aperipheral component interconnect (PCI) Express graphics card.

In various implementations, any one or more of the components shown insystem 1100 may be integrated. For example, platform 1102 and contentservices device(s) 1130 may be integrated, or platform 1102 and contentdelivery device(s) 1140 may be integrated, or platform 1102, contentservices device(s) 1130, and content delivery device(s) 1140 may beintegrated, for example. In various embodiments, platform 1102 anddisplay 1120 may be an integrated unit. Display 1120 and content servicedevice(s) 1130 may be integrated, or display 1120 and content deliverydevice(s) 1140 may be integrated, for example. These examples are notmeant to limit the present disclosure.

In various embodiments, system 1100 may be implemented as a wirelesssystem, a wired system, or a combination of both. When implemented as awireless system, system 1100 may include components and interfacessuitable for communicating over a wireless shared media, such as one ormore antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, amplifiers,filters, control logic, and so forth. An example of wireless sharedmedia may include portions of a wireless spectrum, such as the RFspectrum and so forth. When implemented as a wired system, system 1100may include components and interfaces suitable for communicating overwired communications media, such as input/output (I/O) adapters,physical connectors to connect the I/O adapter with a correspondingwired communications medium, a network interface card (NIC), disccontroller, video controller, audio controller, and the like. Examplesof wired communications media may include a wire, cable, metal leads,printed circuit board (PCB), backplane, switch fabric, semiconductormaterial, twisted-pair wire, co-axial cable, fiber optics, and so forth.

Platform 1102 may establish one or more logical or physical channels tocommunicate information. The information may include media informationand control information. Media information may refer to any datarepresenting content meant for a user. Examples of content may include,for example, data from a voice conversation, videoconference, streamingvideo, electronic mail (“email”) message, voice mail message,alphanumeric symbols, graphics, image, video, text and so forth. Datafrom a voice conversation may be, for example, speech information,silence periods, background noise, comfort noise, tones and so forth.Control information may refer to any data representing commands,instructions or control words meant for an automated system. Forexample, control information may be used to route media informationthrough a system, or instruct a node to process the media information ina predetermined manner. The embodiments, however, are not limited to theelements or in the context shown or described in FIG. 11.

As described above, system 1100 may be embodied in varying physicalstyles or form factors. FIG. 12 illustrates implementations of a smallform factor device 1200 in which system 1200 may be embodied. Inembodiments, for example, device 1200 may be implemented as a mobilecomputing device having wireless capabilities. A mobile computing devicemay refer to any device having a processing system and a mobile powersource or supply, such as one or more batteries, for example.

As described above, examples of a mobile computing device may include apersonal computer (PC), laptop computer, ultra-laptop computer, tablet,touch pad, portable computer, handheld computer, palmtop computer,personal digital assistant (PDA), cellular telephone, combinationcellular telephone/PDA, television, smart device (e.g., smart phone,smart tablet or smart television), mobile internet device (MID),messaging device, data communication device, and so forth.

Examples of a mobile computing device also may include computers thatare arranged to be worn by a person, such as a wrist computer, fingercomputer, ring computer, eyeglass computer, belt-clip computer, arm-bandcomputer, shoe computers, clothing computers, and other wearablecomputers. In various embodiments, for example, a mobile computingdevice may be implemented as a smart phone capable of executing computerapplications, as well as voice communications and/or datacommunications. Although some embodiments may be described with a mobilecomputing device implemented as a smart phone by way of example, it maybe appreciated that other embodiments may be implemented using otherwireless mobile computing devices as well. The embodiments are notlimited in this context.

As shown in FIG. 12, device 1200 may include a housing 1202, a display1204, an input/output (I/O) device 1206, and an antenna 1208. Device1200 also may include navigation features 1212. Display 1204 may includeany suitable display unit for displaying information appropriate for amobile computing device. I/O device 1206 may include any suitable I/Odevice for entering information into a mobile computing device. Examplesfor I/O device 1206 may include an alphanumeric keyboard, a numerickeypad, a touch pad, input keys, buttons, switches, rocker switches,microphones, speakers, voice recognition device and software, and soforth. Information also may be entered into device 1200 by way ofmicrophone (not shown). Such information may be digitized by a voicerecognition device (not shown). The embodiments are not limited in thiscontext.

Various embodiments may be implemented using hardware elements, softwareelements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements mayinclude processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g.,transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integratedcircuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmablelogic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmablegate array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips,microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software may includesoftware components, programs, applications, computer programs,application programs, system programs, machine programs, operatingsystem software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines,subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces,application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code,computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values,symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodimentis implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may varyin accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computationalrate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input datarates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and otherdesign or performance constraints.

One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented byrepresentative instructions stored on a machine-readable medium whichrepresents various logic within the processor, which when read by amachine causes the machine to fabricate logic to perform the techniquesdescribed herein. Such representations, known as “IP cores” may bestored on a tangible, machine readable medium and supplied to variouscustomers or manufacturing facilities to load into the fabricationmachines that actually make the logic or processor.

While certain features set forth herein have been described withreference to various implementations, this description is not intendedto be construed in a limiting sense. Hence, various modifications of theimplementations described herein, as well as other implementations,which are apparent to persons skilled in the art to which the presentdisclosure pertains are deemed to lie within the spirit and scope of thepresent disclosure.

The following examples pertain to additional embodiments.

In one example, a computer-implemented method for decoding barcodeimages may include capturing a barcode image to generate barcode imagedata, capturing an alternative barcode image different than the barcodeimage to generate alternative barcode image data such that thealternative barcode image data is associated with the barcode imagedata, performing an operation on the barcode image data and thealternative barcode image data to generate comparative barcode imagedata, and generating barcode output data based at least in part ondecoding the comparative barcode image data.

In further examples of a computer-implemented method for decodingbarcode images, the method may include applying a denoise operation tothe comparative barcode image data, binarizing the comparative barcodeimage data on one or more channels of the comparative barcode imagedata, such that the one or more channels include at least one of a blackand white channel, a red channel, a green channel, or a blue channel,locating code areas in the comparative barcode image data, decoding thecomparative barcode image data to generate decoded barcode data,determining whether the decoded barcode data is valid, providing thebarcode output data when it is determined the decoded barcode data isvalid, and when it is determined the decoded barcode data is invalid:performing a second operation on the barcode image data and thealternative barcode image data to generate second comparative barcodeimage data and generating alternative barcode output data based at leastin part on the second comparative barcode image data. Performing theoperation on the barcode image data and the alternative barcode imagedata to generate the comparative barcode image data may include at leastone of adding the barcode image data and the alternative barcode imagedata, multiplying the barcode image data and the alternative barcodeimage data, taking an absolute value difference between the barcodeimage data and the alternative barcode image data, subtracting thebarcode image data from the alternative barcode image data, determiningpositive numbers from a subtraction of the alternative barcode imagedata from the barcode image data, or determining positive numbers from asubtraction of the barcode image data from the alternative barcode imagedata. The barcode image may include at least one of a one-dimensionalbarcode image, a two-dimensional barcode image, a dynamic barcode image,a black and white barcode image, or a color barcode image. The barcodeimage data and the alternative barcode image data may be complementarybarcode image data. The alternative barcode image may include at leastone of a pure black image or a negative of the barcode image. Thealternative barcode image may include the pure black image andperforming the operation on the barcode image data and the alternativebarcode image data may include taking the absolute value differencebetween the barcode image data and the alternative barcode image data.The alternative barcode image may include the negative of the barcodeimage and performing the operation on the barcode image data and thealternative barcode image data may include determining positive numbersfrom a subtraction of the alternative barcode image data from thebarcode image data and performing the second operation on the barcodeimage data and the alternative barcode image data may includedetermining positive numbers from a subtraction of the barcode imagedata from the alternative barcode image data. Capturing the barcodeimage and capturing the alternative barcode image may include capturingat a capture frequency such that the capture frequency may include atleast one of 20 frames per second, 25 frames per second, or twice adisplay frequency. Capturing the barcode image and capturing thealternative barcode image may include capturing the barcode image andthe alternative barcode image from a same area of a display device.

In another example, a computer-implemented method for generating barcodeimages may include encoding input data to generate barcode image data,generating alternative barcode image data associated with the barcodeimage data such that the alternative barcode image data is differentthan and complementary to the barcode image data, and alternatinglydisplaying a barcode image associated with the barcode image data and analternative barcode image associated with the alternative barcode imagedata via a display device.

In further examples of a computer-implemented method for generatingbarcode images, the barcode image and the alternative barcode image mayinclude static barcode images and alternatingly displaying the barcodeimage and the alternative barcode image may include alternating displayof the barcode image and the alternative barcode image on a same area ofthe display device. The barcode image and the alternative barcode imagemay include dynamic barcode images of a dynamic barcode having aplurality of images such that alternatingly displaying the barcode imageand the alternative barcode image may include at least one of displayingthe barcode image, displaying the alternative barcode image, andsubsequently displaying remaining images of the plurality of images onthe same area of the display device or displaying the barcode image,displaying one or more images associated with remaining images of theplurality of images, and subsequently displaying the alternative barcodeimage on the same area of the display device. Alternatingly displayingthe barcode image and the alternative barcode image may includedisplaying at a display frequency such that the display frequencycomprises at least one of 10 frames per second or one half of a capturefrequency. The barcode image may include at least one of aone-dimensional barcode image, a two-dimensional barcode image, adynamic barcode image, a black and white barcode image, or a colorbarcode image. The alternative barcode image includes at least one of apure black image or a negative of the barcode image.

In another example, a system for providing barcode communication on acomputer may include an image capture device configured to capture abarcode image to generate barcode image data and capture an alternativebarcode image different than the barcode image to generate alternativebarcode image data such that the alternative barcode image data isassociated with the barcode image, and a processing unit having abarcode decode module such that the processing unit is communicativelycoupled to the image capture device and the barcode decode module isconfigured to perform an operation on the barcode image data and thealternative barcode image data to generate comparative barcode imagedata, generate barcode output data based at least in part on a decode ofthe comparative barcode image data, and transmit the barcode outputdata.

In other examples of systems for providing barcode communication on acomputer, the system may include an image buffer such that theprocessing unit is communicatively coupled to the image buffer, theprocessing unit is communicatively coupled to the image capture devicevia the image buffer, and the image buffer is configured to receive thebarcode image data and the alternative barcode image data from the imagecapture device, store the barcode image data and the alternative barcodeimage data, and transmit the barcode image data and the alternativebarcode image data to the processing unit, a second processing unitcomprising a barcode encode module configured to encode input data togenerate the barcode image data and generate the alternative barcodeimage data associated with the barcode image data such that thealternative barcode image data is different than and complementary tothe barcode image data, and a display device communicatively coupled tothe second processing unit such that the display device is configured toapply a denoise operation to the comparative barcode image data,binarize the comparative barcode image data on one or more channels ofthe barcode image data such that the one or more channels include atleast one of a black and white channel, a red channel, a green channel,or a blue channel, locate code areas in the comparative barcode imagedata, decode the comparative barcode image data to generate decodedbarcode data, determine whether the decoded barcode data is valid,provide the barcode output data when it is determined the decodedbarcode data is valid and when it is determined the decoded barcode datais invalid: perform a second operation on the barcode image data and thealternative barcode image data to generate second comparative barcodeimage data and generate barcode output data based at least in part onthe second comparative barcode image data. The operation on the barcodeimage data and the alternative barcode image data to generatecomparative barcode image data may include at least one of an additionof the barcode image data and the alternative barcode image data, amultiplication of the barcode image data and the alternative barcodeimage data, an absolute value difference between the barcode image dataand the alternative barcode image data, a subtraction of the barcodeimage data from the alternative barcode image data, a determination ofpositive numbers from a subtraction of the alternative barcode imagedata from the barcode image data, or a determination of positive numbersfrom a subtraction of the barcode image data from the alternativebarcode image data. The barcode image may include at least one of aone-dimensional barcode image, a two-dimensional barcode image, adynamic barcode image, a black and white barcode image, or a colorbarcode image. The barcode image data and the alternative barcode imagedata may be complementary barcode image data. The alternative barcodeimage may include at least one of a pure black image or a negative ofthe barcode image. The alternative barcode image may include the pureblack image and performing the operation on the barcode image data andthe alternative barcode image data may include taking the absolute valuedifference between the barcode image data and the alternative barcodeimage data. The alternative barcode image may include the negative ofthe barcode image and performing the operation on the barcode image dataand the alternative barcode image data may include determining positivenumbers from a subtraction of the alternative barcode image data fromthe barcode image data and performing the second operation on thebarcode image data and the alternative barcode image data may includedetermining positive numbers from a subtraction of the barcode imagedata from the alternative barcode image data. Capturing the barcodeimage and capturing the alternative barcode image may include capturingat a capture frequency such that the capture frequency may include atleast one of 20 frames per second, 25 frames per second, or twice adisplay frequency. Capturing the barcode image and capturing thealternative barcode image may include capturing the barcode image andthe alternative barcode image from a same area of a display device.

In another example, at least one machine readable medium may include aplurality of instructions that in response to being executed on acomputing device, cause the computing device to perform the methodaccording to any one of the above examples.

In yet another example, an apparatus may include means for performingthe methods according to any one of the above examples.

The above examples may include specific combination of features.However, such the above examples are not limited in this regard and, invarious implementations, the above examples may include the undertakingonly a subset of such features, undertaking a different order of suchfeatures, undertaking a different combination of such features, and/orundertaking additional features than those features explicitly listed.For example, all features described with respect to the example methodsmay be implemented with respect to the example apparatus, the examplesystems, and/or the example articles, and vice versa.

What is claimed:
 1. A computer-implemented method for generating barcodeimages comprising: encoding input data to generate barcode image data;generating alternative barcode image data associated with the barcodeimage data, wherein the alternative barcode image data is different thanand complementary to the barcode image data; and alternatinglydisplaying a barcode image associated with the barcode image data and analternative barcode image associated with the alternative barcode imagedata via a display device.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the barcodeimage and the alternative barcode image comprise static barcode imagesand wherein alternatingly displaying the barcode image and thealternative barcode image comprises alternating display of the barcodeimage and the alternative barcode image on a same area of the displaydevice.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the barcode image and thealternative barcode image comprise dynamic barcode images of a dynamicbarcode having a plurality of images, and wherein alternatinglydisplaying the barcode image and the alternative barcode image comprisesat least one of displaying the barcode image, displaying the alternativebarcode image, and subsequently displaying remaining images of theplurality of images on the same area of the display device or displayingthe barcode image, displaying one or more images associated withremaining images of the plurality of images, and subsequently displayingthe alternative barcode image on the same area of the display device. 4.The method of claim 1, wherein the barcode image comprises at least oneof a one-dimensional barcode image, a two-dimensional barcode image, adynamic barcode image, a black and white barcode image, or a colorbarcode image.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative barcodeimage comprises at least one of a pure black image or a negative of thebarcode image.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein alternatinglydisplaying the barcode image and the alternative barcode image comprisesdisplaying at a display frequency, and wherein the display frequencycomprises at least one of 10 frames per second or one half of a capturefrequency.
 7. At least one non-transitory machine readable mediumcomprising a plurality of instructions that in response to beingexecuted on a computing device, cause the computing device to generatebarcode images by: encoding input data to generate barcode image data;generating alternative barcode image data associated with the barcodeimage data, wherein the alternative barcode image data is different thanand complementary to the barcode image data; and alternatinglydisplaying a barcode image associated with the barcode image data and analternative barcode image associated with the alternative barcode imagedata via a display device.
 8. The machine readable medium of claim 7,wherein the barcode image and the alternative barcode image comprisestatic barcode images and wherein alternatingly displaying the barcodeimage and the alternative barcode image comprises alternating display ofthe barcode image and the alternative barcode image on a same area ofthe display device.
 9. The machine readable medium of claim 7, whereinthe barcode image and the alternative barcode image comprise dynamicbarcode images of a dynamic barcode having a plurality of images, andwherein alternatingly displaying the barcode image and the alternativebarcode image comprises at least one of displaying the barcode image,displaying the alternative barcode image, and subsequently displayingremaining images of the plurality of images on the same area of thedisplay device or displaying the barcode image, displaying one or moreimages associated with remaining images of the plurality of images, andsubsequently displaying the alternative barcode image on the same areaof the display device.
 10. The machine readable medium of claim 7,wherein the barcode image comprises at least one of a one-dimensionalbarcode image, a two-dimensional barcode image, a dynamic barcode image,a black and white barcode image, or a color barcode image.
 11. Themachine readable medium of claim 7, wherein the alternative barcodeimage comprises at least one of a pure black image or a negative of thebarcode image.
 12. The machine readable medium of claim 7, whereinalternatingly displaying the barcode image and the alternative barcodeimage comprises displaying at a display frequency, and wherein thedisplay frequency comprises at least one of 10 frames per second or onehalf of a capture frequency.
 13. A system for generating barcode imagescomprising: a processor to: encode input data to generate barcode imagedata; and generate alternative barcode image data associated with thebarcode image data, wherein the alternative barcode image data isdifferent than and complementary to the barcode image data; and adisplay device to: alternatingly display a barcode image associated withthe barcode image data and an alternative barcode image associated withthe alternative barcode image data.
 14. The system of claim 13, whereinthe barcode image and the alternative barcode image comprise staticbarcode images and wherein the display device alternatingly display thebarcode image and the alternative barcode image comprises alternatingdisplay of the barcode image and the alternative barcode image on a samearea of the display device.
 15. The system of claim 13, wherein thebarcode image and the alternative barcode image comprise dynamic barcodeimages of a dynamic barcode having a plurality of images, and whereinthe display device to alternatingly display the barcode image and thealternative barcode image comprises at least one of displaying thebarcode image, displaying the alternative barcode image, andsubsequently displaying remaining images of the plurality of images onthe same area of the display device or displaying the barcode image,displaying one or more images associated with remaining images of theplurality of images, and subsequently displaying the alternative barcodeimage on the same area of the display device.
 16. The system of claim13, wherein the barcode image comprises at least one of aone-dimensional barcode image, a two-dimensional barcode image, adynamic barcode image, a black and white barcode image, or a colorbarcode image.
 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the alternativebarcode image comprises at least one of a pure black image or a negativeof the barcode image.
 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the displaydevice to alternatingly display the barcode image and the alternativebarcode image comprises displaying at a display frequency, and whereinthe display frequency comprises at least one of 10 frames per second orone half of a capture frequency.